I have read a couple of books by Thomas Sowell. And tried to read others. He seems to say the same thing in each one. Something about it being "Black culture" that causes all the problems, or government assistance. He presents few studies/data, or tangential at best, to back his ideas up, mostly conjecture. He is a polemicist not a social scientist. He is not getting at the truth, rather reminding us of his ideological underpinning.

I see only two ways to consider significant differences in outcomes due to skin-color in the aggregate across many areas, either you believe people of a certain color are inferior, or those differences are caused by the dominant society's influence, coercion, policies, laws, etc. a.k.a. systemic racism.

If society had no racist perceptions, would we see different outcomes that correlated with skin color, some significant? Maybe. But the correlations that have any causal relationships are at best flimsy today, and reflexive racism in general, even outright punitive discrimination is still too common, we must clean that up a lot more before blaming the victim in any way, as we have since day one!

Shit, White Americans even blamed Black Americans for their own slavery!